State: | Kerala |
District: | Idukki |
Costliest Commodity: | Apple - Other at 21000.00 INR/Quintal on 2023-11-01 |
Cheapest Commodity: | Bitter gourd - Other at 2200.00 INR/Quintal on 2023-11-01 |
Latest Price Date: | 2023-11-15 |
Commodities:
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Latest and updated prices for various commodities in Vandiperiyar market located in Assistant Director of Agriculture.Peerumedu,Vandiperiyar P.O, in Idukki district and in the state of Kerala
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amla(Nelli Kai) | Amla | 2023-11-01 | 5000.00 INR/Quintal | 6000.00 INR/Quintal | 6000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carrot | Other | 2023-11-15 | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4200.00 INR/Quintal | 4200.00 INR/Quintal |
Carrot | Other | 2023-11-10 | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Carrot | Other | 2023-11-05 | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Carrot | Other | 2023-11-02 | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4200.00 INR/Quintal | 4200.00 INR/Quintal |
Carrot | Other | 2023-11-01 | 4200.00 INR/Quintal | 4600.00 INR/Quintal | 4400.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pumpkin | Other | 2023-11-15 | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Pumpkin | Other | 2023-11-10 | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Pumpkin | Other | 2023-11-05 | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Pumpkin | Other | 2023-11-02 | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Pumpkin | Other | 2023-11-01 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bitter gourd | Other | 2023-11-15 | 5000.00 INR/Quintal | 5200.00 INR/Quintal | 5200.00 INR/Quintal |
Bitter gourd | Other | 2023-11-10 | 5000.00 INR/Quintal | 5500.00 INR/Quintal | 5200.00 INR/Quintal |
Bitter gourd | Other | 2023-11-05 | 5000.00 INR/Quintal | 5600.00 INR/Quintal | 5200.00 INR/Quintal |
Bitter gourd | Other | 2023-11-02 | 5400.00 INR/Quintal | 5800.00 INR/Quintal | 5600.00 INR/Quintal |
Bitter gourd | Other | 2023-11-01 | 2200.00 INR/Quintal | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 2500.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bottle gourd | Bottle Gourd | 2023-11-15 | 2200.00 INR/Quintal | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 2500.00 INR/Quintal |
Bottle gourd | Bottle Gourd | 2023-11-10 | 2200.00 INR/Quintal | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 2400.00 INR/Quintal |
Bottle gourd | Bottle Gourd | 2023-11-05 | 2200.00 INR/Quintal | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 2400.00 INR/Quintal |
Bottle gourd | Bottle Gourd | 2023-11-01 | 5200.00 INR/Quintal | 5500.00 INR/Quintal | 5500.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomato | Other | 2023-11-15 | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Tomato | Other | 2023-11-10 | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal |
Tomato | Other | 2023-11-05 | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Tomato | Other | 2023-11-02 | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Tomato | Other | 2023-11-01 | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2600.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cucumbar(Kheera) | Other | 2023-11-15 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal |
Cucumbar(Kheera) | Other | 2023-11-10 | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Cucumbar(Kheera) | Other | 2023-11-05 | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 3800.00 INR/Quintal |
Cucumbar(Kheera) | Other | 2023-11-02 | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 3800.00 INR/Quintal |
Cucumbar(Kheera) | Other | 2023-11-01 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elephant Yam (Suran) | Elephant Yam (Suran) | 2023-11-15 | 6600.00 INR/Quintal | 7000.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal |
Elephant Yam (Suran) | Elephant Yam (Suran) | 2023-11-10 | 6500.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal |
Elephant Yam (Suran) | Elephant Yam (Suran) | 2023-11-05 | 6400.00 INR/Quintal | 6600.00 INR/Quintal | 6500.00 INR/Quintal |
Elephant Yam (Suran) | Elephant Yam (Suran) | 2023-11-02 | 6500.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal |
Elephant Yam (Suran) | Elephant Yam (Suran) | 2023-11-01 | 6500.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Potato | Other | 2023-11-15 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Potato | Other | 2023-11-10 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Potato | Other | 2023-11-05 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal |
Potato | Other | 2023-11-02 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal |
Potato | Other | 2023-11-01 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amaranthus | Amaranthus | 2023-11-15 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal |
Amaranthus | Amaranthus | 2023-11-10 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Amaranthus | Amaranthus | 2023-11-02 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Amaranthus | Amaranthus | 2023-11-01 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cauliflower | Other | 2023-11-15 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Cauliflower | Other | 2023-11-10 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Cauliflower | Other | 2023-11-05 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal |
Cauliflower | Other | 2023-11-02 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Cauliflower | Other | 2023-11-01 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ashgourd | Other | 2023-11-15 | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Ashgourd | Other | 2023-11-10 | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Ashgourd | Other | 2023-11-05 | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Ashgourd | Other | 2023-11-01 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabbage | Other | 2023-11-15 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal |
Cabbage | Other | 2023-11-10 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal |
Cabbage | Other | 2023-11-05 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal |
Cabbage | Other | 2023-11-02 | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal |
Cabbage | Other | 2023-11-01 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Green Chilli | Other | 2023-11-15 | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 5000.00 INR/Quintal | 4800.00 INR/Quintal |
Green Chilli | Other | 2023-11-10 | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 5000.00 INR/Quintal | 4800.00 INR/Quintal |
Green Chilli | Other | 2023-11-05 | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 5000.00 INR/Quintal | 4800.00 INR/Quintal |
Green Chilli | Other | 2023-11-02 | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Green Chilli | Other | 2023-11-01 | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colacasia | Other | 2023-11-10 | 7000.00 INR/Quintal | 8000.00 INR/Quintal | 7500.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beetroot | Other | 2023-11-15 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal |
Beetroot | Other | 2023-11-10 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Beetroot | Other | 2023-11-05 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Beetroot | Other | 2023-11-02 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Beetroot | Other | 2023-11-01 | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bhindi(Ladies Finger) | Other | 2023-11-15 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3500.00 INR/Quintal |
Bhindi(Ladies Finger) | Other | 2023-11-10 | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Bhindi(Ladies Finger) | Other | 2023-11-05 | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Bhindi(Ladies Finger) | Other | 2023-11-02 | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 4800.00 INR/Quintal | 4600.00 INR/Quintal |
Bhindi(Ladies Finger) | Other | 2023-11-01 | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 4800.00 INR/Quintal | 4800.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Onion | Big | 2023-11-15 | 5500.00 INR/Quintal | 6000.00 INR/Quintal | 5800.00 INR/Quintal |
Onion | Big | 2023-11-10 | 5800.00 INR/Quintal | 6200.00 INR/Quintal | 6000.00 INR/Quintal |
Onion | Small | 2023-11-10 | 8000.00 INR/Quintal | 8500.00 INR/Quintal | 8500.00 INR/Quintal |
Onion | Big | 2023-11-05 | 6500.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal |
Onion | Big | 2023-11-02 | 6500.00 INR/Quintal | 6800.00 INR/Quintal | 6600.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tapioca | Other | 2023-11-15 | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Tapioca | Other | 2023-11-10 | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Tapioca | Other | 2023-11-05 | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4000.00 INR/Quintal |
Tapioca | Other | 2023-11-02 | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 3800.00 INR/Quintal | 3800.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Banana | Nendra Bale | 2023-11-15 | 4800.00 INR/Quintal | 5500.00 INR/Quintal | 5200.00 INR/Quintal |
Banana | Nendra Bale | 2023-11-10 | 4200.00 INR/Quintal | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 4500.00 INR/Quintal |
Banana | Palayamthodan | 2023-11-10 | 4000.00 INR/Quintal | 4200.00 INR/Quintal | 4200.00 INR/Quintal |
Banana | Nendra Bale | 2023-11-05 | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 5200.00 INR/Quintal | 4800.00 INR/Quintal |
Banana | Nendra Bale | 2023-11-02 | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 5200.00 INR/Quintal | 5000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apple | Other | 2023-11-15 | 16000.00 INR/Quintal | 18000.00 INR/Quintal | 17000.00 INR/Quintal |
Apple | Other | 2023-11-01 | 18000.00 INR/Quintal | 21000.00 INR/Quintal | 20000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster beans | Other | 2023-11-15 | 2200.00 INR/Quintal | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 2400.00 INR/Quintal |
Cluster beans | Other | 2023-11-10 | 2200.00 INR/Quintal | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 2400.00 INR/Quintal |
Cluster beans | Other | 2023-11-05 | 2400.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2500.00 INR/Quintal |
Cluster beans | Other | 2023-11-02 | 2400.00 INR/Quintal | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 2600.00 INR/Quintal |
Cluster beans | Other | 2023-11-01 | 2400.00 INR/Quintal | 2600.00 INR/Quintal | 2500.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Snakeguard | Other | 2023-11-10 | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Snakeguard | Other | 2023-11-05 | 2500.00 INR/Quintal | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 2800.00 INR/Quintal |
Snakeguard | Other | 2023-11-02 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal |
Snakeguard | Other | 2023-11-01 | 3200.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
French Beans (Frasbean) | French Beans (Frasbean) | 2023-11-15 | 8500.00 INR/Quintal | 8600.00 INR/Quintal | 8600.00 INR/Quintal |
French Beans (Frasbean) | French Beans (Frasbean) | 2023-11-10 | 7000.00 INR/Quintal | 7800.00 INR/Quintal | 7500.00 INR/Quintal |
French Beans (Frasbean) | French Beans (Frasbean) | 2023-11-05 | 7500.00 INR/Quintal | 8000.00 INR/Quintal | 8000.00 INR/Quintal |
French Beans (Frasbean) | French Beans (Frasbean) | 2023-11-02 | 9000.00 INR/Quintal | 9200.00 INR/Quintal | 9200.00 INR/Quintal |
French Beans (Frasbean) | French Beans (Frasbean) | 2023-11-01 | 8000.00 INR/Quintal | 9000.00 INR/Quintal | 8500.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capsicum | Other | 2023-11-15 | 6500.00 INR/Quintal | 7500.00 INR/Quintal | 7000.00 INR/Quintal |
Capsicum | Other | 2023-11-10 | 6500.00 INR/Quintal | 7200.00 INR/Quintal | 7000.00 INR/Quintal |
Capsicum | Other | 2023-11-02 | 6500.00 INR/Quintal | 7500.00 INR/Quintal | 7000.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drumstick | Drumstick | 2023-11-10 | 7000.00 INR/Quintal | 7500.00 INR/Quintal | 7200.00 INR/Quintal |
Drumstick | Drumstick | 2023-11-05 | 8800.00 INR/Quintal | 9200.00 INR/Quintal | 9000.00 INR/Quintal |
Drumstick | Drumstick | 2023-11-02 | 10000.00 INR/Quintal | 10800.00 INR/Quintal | 10500.00 INR/Quintal |
Drumstick | Drumstick | 2023-11-01 | 10200.00 INR/Quintal | 10500.00 INR/Quintal | 10500.00 INR/Quintal |
Commodity | Variety | Arrival Date | Min Price | Max Price | Modal Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brinjal | Other | 2023-11-15 | 4400.00 INR/Quintal | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 4500.00 INR/Quintal |
Brinjal | Other | 2023-11-10 | 4200.00 INR/Quintal | 4500.00 INR/Quintal | 4400.00 INR/Quintal |
Brinjal | Other | 2023-11-05 | 3000.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3400.00 INR/Quintal |
Brinjal | Other | 2023-11-02 | 3400.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal |
Brinjal | Other | 2023-11-01 | 3500.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal | 3600.00 INR/Quintal |
City: | Vandiperiyar |
Address: | Assistant Director of Agriculture.Peerumedu,Vandiperiyar P.O |
Email: | |
Nearest Railway Station: | |
Distance of the nearest railway station from the market: | 0 Kms |
Name of the Nearest National /State Highway: | NH - 220 |
Bank: | Yes |
Sieves: | No |
Canteen: | Yes |
Fencing: | Yes |
Parking: | Yes |
Toilets: | Yes |
Restaurant: | Yes |
Electricity: | Yes |
Post Office: | Yes |
Drinking Water: | Yes |
Extension Unit: | No |
Internal Roads: | Yes |
Auction Platform: | No |
Information Unit: | No |
Audio Visual Side: | No |
Fire Extinguishers: | No |
Input/Sundry Shops: | Yes |
Mechanical Graders: | No |
Sweeping Facilities: | No |
Public Address System: | Notice Board |
Market Office Building: | Yes |
Rest house for farmers: | No |
Garbage Disposal System: | No |
Information Notice Board: | Yes |
Number of Ripening chambers: | 0 |
Storage facilities available: | No |
Capacity of Ripening chambers: | |
Grading and Analysing Laboratory: | No |
Price display on the Notice Board: | Yes |
Name of Welfare Scheme for producers: | |
Producers able to read the information displayed on the Notice board: | Yes |
Capacity of Cold Storages: | |
Nearest place in the Hinterland: | |
Farthest place in the Hinterland: | |
Notified area of Market Committee: | |
Number of Cold Storages available: | 0 |
Subyard (If any) and It's exact location: | |
Number of Commodities notified under regulation: | 0 |
Commodity Wise Processing Units in the Market area: | |
Average daily dispatches to outside markets during the season: | |
Names of traditional markets(important) to which produce is sent: | |
Average daily dispatches to outside markets during the peak period: |
market_hours: | 9 am to 7 pm |
market_holidays: | Thursday |
Name of Chairman: | ***** |
Name of Secretary: | ***** |
Year of Regulation: | 0 |
Address of Chairman: | |
Address of Secretary: | |
Phone No. of Chairman: | ***** |
Regulated/Unregulated: | Unregulated |
Phone No. of Secretary: | ***** |
Supervisory(Permanent): | 0 |
Supervisory(Temporary): | 1 |
Administrative(Permanent): | 0 |
Administrative(Temporary): | 0 |
Name of Officer-in-Charge: | ***** |
Name of Market Legislation: | |
Address of Officer-in-Charge: | Agricultural Officer, Krishi Bhavan, Vandiperiyar P.O, Peerumade, Idukki District |
Name of Owner and Management: | |
Phone No. of Officer-in-Charge: | ***** |
Mode of selection of APMC (Elected/Superseded/Nominated): | Nominated |
Market working hours: | 9 am to 7 pm |
Market holidays: | Thursday |
Munnar |
Thodupuzha |
Adimali |
Nedumkandam |
Kattappana |
Kamakshi |
The commodities that are available in are VandiperiyarAmla(Nelli Kai), Carrot, Pumpkin, Bitter gourd, Bottle gourd, Tomato, Cucumbar(Kheera), Elephant Yam (Suran), Potato, Amaranthus, Cauliflower, Ashgourd, Cabbage, Green Chilli, Colacasia, Beetroot, Bhindi(Ladies Finger), Onion, Tapioca, Banana, Apple, Cluster beans, Snakeguard, French Beans (Frasbean), Capsicum, Drumstick, Brinjal etc.